Multi-country comparison of plasma lipid relationship to years of schooling in men and women

Background The association between coronary heart disease (CHD) and social status has differed among societies in strength and direction. As years of schooling is a major determinant of socioeconomic status and dyslipidaemia a major CHD determinant, the purpose of this investigation is to estimate t he association of years of schooling with plasma lipids and lipoproteins am ong samples from five countries representing different cultures, socio-poli tical systems and stages of economic development. Methods Men and women from Chinese, Polish, Russian, Israeli and US samples were studied. Years of schooling were analysed both as a multi-category or dinal variable and divided into two strata: less than the equivalent of hig h school and greater than or equal to high school equivalence. Pasting plas ma cholesterol. low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lip oprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides were compared across years of schooling strata within each country. Lipid levels were computed unadjusted and then adjusted for age and lipid risk factor variables. Results Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides varied direct ly with years of schooling in Chinese, Polish and Russian men, and in contr ast varied inversely with years of schooling among US white men. The HDL ch olesterol varied inversely with years of schooling for Chinese, Polish, and Russian men, but varied directly with years of schooling among US white me n. The lipid differences between men of high versus low years of schooling were not explained by age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption or blood pressure medication use. Findings were less consistent for women and for Israelis and US blacks of both genders. Conclusions Lipid and lipoprotein levels consistent with atherogenicity var ied directly with years of schooling in Chinese, Polish, and Russian sample s. Opposite trends were present in US whites. These findings are consistent with a hypothesized influence of social status on CHD risk differing among populations in relation to stages in societal economic development.