The intra-oral translocation of periodontopathogens jeopardises the outcome of periodontal therapy - A review of the literature

Background: Although periodontitis has a multi-factorial aetiology, the suc cess of its therapy mainly focuses on the eradication/reduction of the exog enous/endogenous periodontopathogens. Most of the species colonise several niches within the oral cavity (e.g. the mucosae, the tongue, the saliva, th e periodontal pockets and all intra-oral hard surfaces) and even in the ore -pharyngeal area (e.g., the sinus and the tonsils). Methods: This review article discusses the intra-oral transmission of perio dontopathogens between these niches and analyses clinical studies that supp ort the idea and importance of such an intra-oral translocation. Results and conclusions: Based on the literature, the ore-pharyngal area sh ould indeed be considered as a microbiological entity. Because untreated po ckets jeopardise the healing of recently instrumented sites, the treatment of periodontitis should involve "a one stage approach" of all pathologic po ckets (I-stage full-mouth disinfection) or should at least consider the use of antiseptics during the intervals between consecutive instrumentations, in order to prevent a microbial translocation of periodontopathogens during the healing period. For the same reason, regeneration procedures or the lo cal application of antibiotics should be postponed until a maximal improvem ent has been obtained in the remaining dentition. This more global approach offers significant additional clinical and microbiological benefits.