Effects of heat treatment on the charging characteristics of a quaternary ammonium charge control additive

Heat-treatment effects of a typical charge control additive (CCA), tributyl benzyl-ammonium 1-naphthol-4-sulfonate (TNS). were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), isotherma l charge decay and thermally stimulated current (TSC) methods. DSC themogra ms of TNS show two endothermic bands, a small band at 162 degreesC and a la rge band corresponding to melting of TNS at 187 degreesC. When TNS was heat ed above the temperature of the small DSC band, this CCA changed in its WAX D, DSC, TSC and isothermal charge decay characteristics. From difference in TSC characteristics of the CCA and model toners containing the CCA, TNS wa s confirmed to be more effective for tribe-charging than for corona chargin g. Coexistence of positive and negative charges in tribe-charged model tone rs was also suggested from the TSC results. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.