Flow electrification of liquids

These last decades, due to the increasing use of hydrocarbons and their by- products, the flow electrification phenomenon of insulating liquids became a very worrying problem. Indeed, the phenomenon leads sometimes to electros tatic hazards during the transfer of such liquids. Moreover, it is often un predictable and difficult to control. In this paper we make a general revie w of the phenomenon. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.