Sustaining state welfare in hard times: who will foot the bill?

Recent studies of how European welfare systems are responding to current pr essures agree that welfare stares display remarkable resilience. They are b eing reformed rather than dismantled. New policies are concerned To contain costs and to promote activation, stressing the contribution of welfare to economic competitiveness. Will people support cost constraint? This paper a nalyses attitude survey data from the 1980s and 1990s to show that approval of the main welfare services is high, bur, in contrast to the findings of earlier studies, there is now some evidence of declining support. Attitudes are not structured according to the accounts of the 'new politics' of welf are (which imply that each regime will produce its own pattern of interests in relation to the groups whose interests are entrenched by current arrang ements) but reflect broad lines of income, age and gender, cross-cutting na tional differences. There is little support for cuts in social services, bu r an equally low level of willingness to pay the extra taxes and social con tributions required to maintain current standards of provision in the face of rising pressures on welfare. An agenda of activation is likely to prove more acceptable politically than one of cost constraint in all regimes. The implication is that European welfare states face a straitened future, betw een increasing demands and constrained resources, which may lead public opi nion support to dwindle further.