Environmental conditions in burrows of two species of African mole-rat, Georhychus capensis and Cryptomys damarensis

Temperature and respiratory gas (CO2 and O-2) concentrations were measured in the foraging tunnels of burrows naturally inhabited by two species of so uthern African mole-rats, the Cape mole-rat Georhychus capensis and the Dam araland mole-rat Cryptomys damarensis. Both species are completely fossoria l and inhabit closed burrow systems. Tunnels of G. capensis burrows had a m ean diameter of 8.7 cm and a depth, measured to the roof of the tunnel, of 6.2 cm; those of C. damarensis had a mean diameter of 6.5 cm and depth of 4 0 cm. In both species, the mean concentration of CO2 was higher, and mean c oncentration of O-2 lower, in burrows than in the surrounding soil or in am bient air. Mean and minimum values of O-2 were 20.4% and 19.8%. respectivel y, in G. capensis and 20.4% and 19.9% in C. damarensis; mean and maximum va lues of CO2 were 0.4% and 1.2% in G. capensis and 0.4% and 6.0% in C. damar ensis. Temperature varied between 18.5 and 24.2 degreesC in burrows of G. c apensis by comparison with an ambient range of 16.9 to 26.8 degreesC; and f rom 19.6 to 29.3 degreesC in burrows of C. damarensis by comparison with an ambient range of 8.6 to 30.8 degreesC. Thus a burrowing habit seems to off er both species protection from extremes of temperature without entailing t he cost of a grossly abnormal respiratory environment. From a review of the relevant literature, we conclude that average concentrations of CO2 and O- 2 in mammalian burrows often do not differ greatly from ambient values. How ever, more work is needed to determine the respiratory gas concentrations i n the immediate vicinity of active, burrowing animals.