Survival and induction of SOS in Escherichia coli treated with cisplatin, UV-irradiation, or mitomycin C are dependent on the function of the RecBC and RecFOR pathways of homologous recombination
Kl. Keller et al., Survival and induction of SOS in Escherichia coli treated with cisplatin, UV-irradiation, or mitomycin C are dependent on the function of the RecBC and RecFOR pathways of homologous recombination, MUT R-DNA R, 486(1), 2001, pp. 21-29
Resistance of tumors to drugs such as cisplatin and mitomycin C (MMC) is an
important factor limiting their usefulness in cancer chemotherapy. The ant
itumor effects of these drugs are due to the formation of bifunctional addu
cts in DNA, with cisplatin causing predominantly intrastrand-crosslinks and
MMC causing interstrand-crosslinks. The SOS chromotest was used to study t
he cellular mechanisms that process DNA damage in Escherichia coli exposed
to cisplatin, ultraviolet irradiation (UV) and MMC and subsequently facilit
ate the production of a molecular signal for induction of the SOS response.
Strains used in the SOS chromotest have a fusion of lacZ with the sfiA (su
lA) gene so that the amount of SOS inducing signal, which is modulated by t
he ability of the cell to repair DNA, is measured by assaying beta -galacto
sidase activity. SOS induction in a strain proficient in homologous recombi
nation (HR) was compared with that in isogenic strains deficient in HR due
to a blocked RecBC pathway caused by a recB mutation or a blocked RecFOR pa
thway caused by a recO mutation. The effect of cisplatin treatment in a uvr
A mutant strain blocked at the first step of NER was compared with that in
an isogenic strain proficient in NER. Cellular resistance was measured as p
ercent colony forming units (cfu) for cells treated with increasing doses o
f cisplatin, MMC and UV relative to that in untreated control cultures. The
importance of both HR pathways for resistance to these treatments was demo
nstrated by decreased survival in mutants with the recB mutant being more s
ensitive than the recO mutant. SOS induction levels were elevated in the se
nsitive recB strain relative to the HR proficient strain possibly due to st
alled and/or distorted replication forks at crosslinks in DNA. In contrast,
induction of SOS was dependent on RecFOR activity that is thought to act a
t daughter strand gaps in newly synthesized DNA to mediate production of th
e signal for SOS induction. Proficiency in NER was necessary for both survi
val and high levels of SOS induction in cisplatin treated cells. (C) 2001 P
ublished by Elsevier Science B.V.