Sickness absence in hospital physicians: 2 year follow up study on determinants

Objectives-To identify determinants of sickness absence in hospital physici ans. Methods-The Poisson regression analyses of short (1-3 days) and long (>3 da ys) recorded spells of sickness absence relating to potential determinants of sickness absence were based on a 2 year follow up period and cohorts of 447 (251 male and 196 female) physicians and 466 controls (female head nurs es and ward sisters). Results-There were no differences in health outcomes, self rated health sta tus, prevalence of chronic illness, and being a case on the general health questionnaire (GHQ), between the groups but physicians took one third to a half the sick leave of controls. All the health outcomes were strongly asso ciated with sickness absence in both groups. Of work related factors, teamw ork had the greatest effect on sickness absence in physicians but not in th e controls. Physicians working in poorly functioning teams were at 1.8 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3 to 3.0) times greater risk of taking long spells than physicians working in well functioning teams. Risks related to overload, heavy on call responsibility, poor job control, social circumsta nces outside the workplace, and health behaviours were smaller. Conclusion-This is the first study of hospital physicians to show the assoc iation between recorded sickness absence and factors across various areas o f life. In this occupational group, sickness absence is strongly associated with health problems, and the threshold for taking sick leave is high. Poo r teamwork seems to contribute to the sickness absenteeism of hospital phys icians even more than traditional psychosocial risks-such as overload and l ow job control. These findings may have implications for training and healt h promotion in hospitals.