A temporal-hybrid molecular simulation method is proposed to simulate the s
low-scanning dynamics of a cantilever in the atomic-force microscope (AFM).
The method is compared with classical molecular-dynamics simulation in whi
ch energy modes between the cantilever and the atomic substrate are coupled
. For a large-mass cantilever in AFM with a resonant frequency far less tha
n the atomic-vibration frequencies, the hybrid results show regular stick-s
lip or smooth friction dissipation depending on the cantilever spring const
ants, as observed in AFM experiments.