Schizophrenia and familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification: a case report

Background. Familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (FIBGC) is gene rally associated with neurological and psychiatric symptoms. An association between FIBGC and schizophrenia has been described but it remains uncertai n. We studied the relationship between the presence and extent of basal gan glia calcification and schizophrenia in a multiply affected family. Method. Symmetrical basal ganglia calcifications (BGC) were detected on com puterized tomography (CT) in a schizophrenic proband and led us to carry ou t CTs and standardized psychiatric evaluations (SADS - Endicott & Spitzer, 1978) in all available first-degree relatives (mother and six siblings). Results. Five subjects had BGC, including three subjects diagnosed as schiz ophrenic. Three subjects had no BGC and none of them was diagnosed as schiz ophrenic. We subdivided the BGC into three groups: massive (pallidum, stria tum and dentate nuclei affected); medium (pallidum and striatum); and mild (pallidum only). The two subjects with massive BGC and one of the two with medium BGC had schizophrenia. The subject with mild BGC had no psychotic sy mptoms. Conclusion. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that BGC favours the occurrence of a schizophrenia-like syndrome and that the risk of occur rence of this syndrome is proportional to the extent of calcification. Thes e findings support the hypothesis that schizophrenia is determined by a dis ruption of thalamo-cortico-striatal circuits.