Controlled orientation of Langmuir-Blodgett films of substituted phthalocyanines

Attempts have been made to induce perpendicular stacking in Langmuir-Blodge tt multilayers of phthalocyanine derivatives. Normally the largely hydropho bic phthalocyanines will lie on their edges to minimise hydrophobic/hydroph ilic repulsion with the aqueous subphase. This study has prepared hydrophil ic phthalocyanine derivatives that lie flat on the aqueous subphase. Our ai m is to maximise the electro-optical effects in the direction perpendicular to the substrate.