Complete electrochemical transmission line model for conducting polymers

The small signal ac transport description of polarons and counterions and t he corresponding Barker/Brumleve/Buck (BBB) transmission line model are ext ended by considering traps and also current generators due to steady-state conduction currents. The trap influence is discussed in the low frequency l imit. For porous systems with double layer formation at the pore surface an averaging procedure leads to a modified transmission line model where the BBB type processes represent the hindrance of the charge transfer reaction.