Measurement of the relativistic potential difference across a rotating magnetic dielectric cylinder

According to the Special Theory of Relativity, a rotating magnetic dielectr ic cylinder in an axial magnetic field should exhibit a contribution to the radial electric potential that is associated with the motion of the materi al's magnetic dipoles. In 1913 Wilson and Wilson reported a measurement of the potential difference across a magnetic dielectric constructed from wax and steel balls. Their measurement has long been regarded as a verification of this prediction. In 1995 Pelligrini and Swift questioned the theoretica l basis of the experiment. In particular, they pointed out that it is not o bvious that a rotating medium may be treated as if each point in the medium is locally inertial. They calculated the effect in the rotating frame and predicted a potential different from both the Wilsons' theory and experimen t. Subsequent analysis of the experiment suggests that the Wilsons' experim ent does not distinguish between the two predictions due to the fact that t heir composite steel-wax cylinder is conductive in the regions of magnetiza tion. We report measurements of the radial voltage difference across variou s rotating dielectric cylinders, including a homogeneous magnetic dielectri c material (YIG), to unambiguously test the competing calculations. Our res ults are compatible with the traditional treatment of the effect using a co -moving locally inertial reference frame, and are incompatible with predict ions based on the model of Pelligrini and Swift. (C) 2001 American Associat ion of Physics Teachers.