The effect of exposure to 35,000 ft on incidence of altitude decompressionsickness

Introduction: Exposure to 35,000 ft without preoxygenation (breathing 100% oxygen prior to decompression) can result in severe decompression sickness (DCS). Exercise while decompressed increases the incidence and severity of symptoms. Clarification of the level of activity vs, time to symptom onset is needed to refine recommendations for current operations requiring 35,000 -it exposures. Currently, the U.S. Air Force limits these operations to 30 min following 75 min of preoxygenation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of exercise intensity on DCS incidence and severity at 35,000 A. Methods: Following 75 or 30 min of ground-level preoxygenation, 54 male and 38 female subjects were exposed to 35,000 ft for 3 h while perf orming strenuous exercise, mild exercise, or seated rest. The subjects were monitored for venous gas emboli (VGE) with an echo-imaging system and obse rved for signs and symptoms of DCS. Results: Exposures involving strenuous and mild exercise resulted in higher incidence (p < 0.05) and earlier onset of symptoms (p < 0.05) of DCS than exposure at rest. Mild and strenuous ex ercise during exposure did not differ in incidence or rate of onset. Incide nce at 30 min of exposure was 8% at rest and 23% while exercising. Conclusi on: The results showed that current guidelines for 35,000-ft exposures keep DCS risk below 10% at rest. Exercise, even at mild levels, greatly increas es the incidence and rate of onset of DCS.