Biogeography of South American forest mammals: Endemism and diversity in the Atlantic Forest

We used parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) to investigate the distribut ion patterns of South American lowland forest mammals, focusing on centers of endemism and diversity. We utilized distribution data available for spec ies of marsupials, rodents, and primates char occur in South America. Two g rids were superimposed on the distribution maps: a larger one encompassing tropical and subtropical South America, and a smaller and more precise grid covering the Atlantic Forest only. Also, the number of species per quadrat was estimated. The results support the idea that the distribution of this fauna is structured in the form of centers of endemism. In addition, there is good congruence between the areas identified here and those proposed by other authors, reinforcing the value of PAE in this kind of analysis. The h ierarchical relationships among areas, however, are not clear and sometimes discordant with other biogeographic analyses.