Jc. Castro-palomino et al., Synthesis of ganglioside GD3 and its comparison with bovine GD3 with regard to oligodendrocyte apoptosis mitochondrial damage, CHEM-EUR J, 7(10), 2001, pp. 2178-2184
2.3-Dehydroneuraminic acid derivative 5 was transformed in five efficient s
teps into sialyl donor 2, which has a phenylthio group on the beta -side of
the 3-position for anchimeric assistance and a diethyl phosphite residue a
s leaving group at the anomeric carbon. The known GM3 intermediate 10 was t
ransformed into the 4b,4c,8c-O-unprotected acceptor 3, which was then allow
ed to react with 2 by using TMSOTf as catalyst and acetonitrile as solvent
to afford the desired tetrasaccharide 12, which has an a(2-8)-linkage betwe
en two neuraminic acid residues. Removal of the phenylthio group gave inter
mediate 13, which was transformed into O-tetraosyl trichloroactimate 16 as
glycosyl donor. Application of the azidosphingosine glycosylation procedure
furnished GD3 (1) in high overall yield. Comparison of synthetic GD3 with
bovine- brain-derived GD3 showed that there were similar effects in GD3-tri
ggered uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration and in induction of apoptosi
s in oligodendrocytes.