Reduction of acid exposure and regression of Barrett's esophagus

The goals of treatment of Barrett's esophagus (BE) include relieving reflux symptoms, healing inflammatory lesions, and preventing esophageal adenocar cinoma. Reduction of acid reflux is believed to prevent progression of BE. A critical question is whether or not regression of BE occurs in response t o therapy with proton pump inhibitors. The natural history of BE is altered both by the use of medications (over-the-counter or prescribed) and by end oscopic surveillance with periodic biopsies. Regression occurs when the len gth and surface area of BE decreases, along with the emergence of islands o f squamous epithelium in the BE segment. However, the extent of regression is difficult to assess because intestinal metaplasia may underlie the islan ds of squamous epithelial regrowth. Sampling by endoscopic biopsy is useful in ruling out progression of BE to dysplasia or adenocarcinoma; however, c omplete regression of the lesion cannot be definitively proven by this tech nique. To date, published clinical trials of proton pump inhibitor therapy in patients with BE provide evidence of increases in squamous islands in th e BE segment, but do not provide convincing data in support of complete reg ression of BE. In a review of prospective studies of the treatment of BE wi th proton pump inhibitors (PPls) (with or without surgery), only 3 of 123 p atients had apparent complete reversal of BE. This article reviews the curr ent understanding of regression in BE following treatment with PPls. Copyri ght (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel