Optimal installation of three-phase active power line conditioners in unbalanced distribution systems

In this paper, a new solution algorithm based on a multiple gradient summat ion (MGS) and differential evolution (DE) approach for optimal three-phase active power line conditioners (APLCs) installation in unbalanced distribut ion systems is proposed. The active power line conditioners installation pr oblem considers the individual and total harmonic voltage distortions as we ll as the commercially available discrete sizes of the APLCs limits to mini mize the total sizes of three-phase APLCs. The imbalance of systems resulti ng from using asymmetrical connection transformers was taken into account. The effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated by its applicatio n to a 23-bus unbalanced radial distribution system. (C) 2001 Elsevier Scie nce B.V. All rights reserved.