Time-domain finite-element modeling of dispersive media

A general formulation is described for time-domain finite-element modeling of electromagnetic fields in a general dispersive medium. The formulation i s based on the second-order vector wave equation and incorporates the dispe rsion effect of a medium via a recursively evaluated convolution integral. This evaluation is kept to second order in accuracy using linear interpolat ion within each time step, Numerical examples are given to validate the pro posed formulation.