Rc. Hale et Km. Aneiro, DETERMINATION OF COAL-TAR AND CREOSOTE CONSTITUENTS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT, Journal of chromatography, 774(1-2), 1997, pp. 79-95
Citations number
154
Categorie Soggetti
Chemistry Analytical","Biochemical Research Methods
Creosote and its parent material, coal tar, are complex mixtures. Upon
release their components fractionate into the air, water, soil/sedime
nt and biota; as a function of their physical and chemical properties.
Therefore, assessment of their fate and concentrations in the environ
ment must consider a wide variety of both compounds and matrices. Anal
yses are typically complicated, consisting of sample extraction, purif
ication and chromatography-based final characterization steps. Several
new techniques have been introduced to reduce or simplify the number
of steps, solvent and time required. Recently developed extraction met
hods include supercritical fluid, accelerated solvent, microwave and s
olid-phase microextraction. On-line purification and coupling of extra
ction and chromatography have also emerged. HPLC and GC remain the maj
or tools for performing the final separations. Application of mass spe
ctrometry has increased as more reliable, versatile and less expensive
units have become available, such as the ion trap and mass selective
detectors. Fluorescence and diode array UV, in concert with HPLC, and
C-, S- and N-selective gas chromatographic detectors are also being ap
plied.