Many voltage-dependent K+ channels open when the membrane is depolarized an
d then rapidly close by a process called inactivation. Neurons use inactiva
ting K+ channels to modulate their firing frequency. In Shaker-type K+ chan
nels, the inactivation gate, which is responsible for the closing of the ch
annel, is formed by the channel's cytoplasmic amino terminus. Here we show
that the central cavity and inner pore of the K+ channel form the receptor
site for both the inactivation gate and small-molecule inhibitors. We propo
se that inactivation occurs by a sequential reaction in which the gate bind
s initially to the cytoplasmic channel surface and then enters the pore as
an extended peptide. This mechanism accounts for the functional properties
of K+ channel inactivation and indicates that the cavity may be the site of
action for certain drugs that alter cation channel function.