Crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH)-like peptides and CHH-precursor-related peptides from pericardial organ neurosecretory cells in the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, are putatively spliced and modified products of multiple genes
H. Dircksen et al., Crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH)-like peptides and CHH-precursor-related peptides from pericardial organ neurosecretory cells in the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, are putatively spliced and modified products of multiple genes, BIOCHEM J, 356, 2001, pp. 159-170
About 24 intrinsic neurosecretory neurons within the pericardial organs (PO
s) of the crab Carcinus maenas produce a novel crustacean hyperglycaemic ho
rmone (CHH)-like peptide (PO-CHH) and two CHH-precursor-related peptides (P
O-CPRP I and II) as identified immunochemically and by peptide chemistry. E
dman sequencing and MS revealed PO-CHH as a 73 amino acid peptide (8630 Da)
with a free C-terminus, PO-CHH and sinus gland CHH (SG-CHH) share an ident
ical N-terminal sequence, positions 1-40, but the remaining sequence, posit
ions 41-73 or 41-72, differs considerably. PO-CHH may have different precur
sors, as cDNA cloning of PO-derived mRNAs has revealed several similar form
s, one exactly encoding the peptide. All PO-CHH cDNAs contain a nucleotide
stretch coding fur the SG-CHH41-76 sequence in the 3'-untranslated region (
UTR). Cloning of crab testis genomic DNA revealed at least four CHH genes,
the structure of which suggest that PO-CHH and SG-CHH arise by alternative
splicing of precursors acid possibly post-transcriptional modification of P
O-CHH. The genes encode four exons, separated by three variable introns, en
coding part of a signal peptide (exon I), the remaining signal peptide resi
dues. a CPRP, the PO-CHH1-40/SG-CHH1-40 sequences (exon II), the remaining
PO-CHH residues (exon III) and the remaining SG-CHH residues acid a 3'-UTR
(exon IV), Precursor and gene structures are more closely related to those
encoding related insect ion-transport peptides than to penaeid shrimp CHH g
enes. PO-CHH neither exhibits hyperglycaemic activity in vivo, nor does it
inhibit Y-organ ecdysteroid synthesis in vitro. From the morphology of the
neurons it seems likely that novel functions remain to be discovered.