Axons proximal to a transection develop into enlarged, but presumed 'passiv
e' endbulb structures. In previous studies, we observed that proximal stump
s of transected sciatic nerves accumulate discrete and striking deposits of
calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) that have apparent direct and local
actions on nearby microvessels. In this work, we provide evidence that CGR
P, in the company of several additional peptides, are deposited through 'ar
rested' anterograde transport into axon endbulbs that develop after transec
tion. In proximal stump tips of rat sciatic nerves transected 48 h earlier,
CGRP accumulation colocalized with a label for neurofilament that was acce
ntuated at axon tips, but was prevented by a concurrent more proximal sciat
ic section. Similarly, interruption of CGRP deposition eliminated its appar
ent actions on local microvessels following injury. CGRP accumulation was a
lso observed in sural nerve proximal stump tips, indicating its presence in
sensory axons despite the known declines in the sensory neuronal synthesis
of CGRP that occur following axotomy. Peptide accumulation was not unique
to CGRP, with a similar pattern of anterograde accumulation observed for su
bstance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin. Deposited peptides and pe
rhaps other axonal constituents in the milieu of a peripheral nerve injury
may be associated with important local physiological actions in the regener
ative microenvironment. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.