The concepts of neural network and tree structure are introduced to rare ea
rth separations. The recursive relations and analytical expression for calc
ulating the possible flow sheets and processes are derived in multicomponen
t systems based on dichotomy. As an example, the application of the concept
s is elucidated in detail in a separation of light rare earths containing L
a, Ce, Pr and Nd in the HEH(EHP)-HCl system. The results show that this met
hod is beneficial to summarizing and classifying the flow sheets and proces
ses in rare earth separations, and is essential to the optimization of sepa
ration now sheets. It can also be applied to the separation into group situ
ations and other similar cases, too.