The impact of barriers and self-efficacy on self-care behaviors in type 2 diabetes

PURPOSE This cross-sectional, correlational study examined the relationships of dia betes-specific treatment barriers and self-efficacy with self-care behavior s. METHODS A total of 309 people with type 2 diabetes participated in this study. All of the factors were assessed by self-report questionnaires. Self-care behav iors included exercise, diet, skipping medication, testing blood for glucos e, adjusting insulin to avoid or correct hyperglycemia, and adjusting diet to avoid or correct hypoglycemia. RESULTS Perceived barriers to carrying out self-care behaviors were associated with worse diet and exercise behavior. Greater self-efficacy predicted more fre quent blood glucose testing, less frequent skipping of medication and binge eating, and closer adherence to an ideal diet. Nontraditional dimensions o f self-efficacy were associated with worse self-care. Self-efficacy explain ed 4% to 10% of the variance in diabetes self-care behaviors beyond that ac counted for by patient characteristics and health beliefs about barriers. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provided support for Rosenstock's proposal that a person's self-perceived capability to carry out a behavior should be inco rporated into an expanded health belief model.