Responses to solar ultraviolet-B radiation in a shrub-dominated natural ecosystem of Tierra del Fuego (southern Argentina)

A study was made of the effects of solar ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) on the growth of the dominant plant species of a shrub-dominated ecosystem in Tierra del Fuego. This part of southern Argentina can be under the direct i nfluence of the Antarctic 'ozone hole' during the austral spring and linger ing ozone-depleted air during the summer. The plant community is dominated by an evergreen shrub (Chiliotrichum diffusum) with an herbaceous layer of Gunnera magellanica and Blechnum penna-marina in the interspaces between th e shrubs. Inspections of ozone trends indicate that the springtime and summ ertime ozone column over Tierra del Fuego has decreased by 10-13% from 1978 /9 to 1998/9. In a set of well-replicated field plots, solar UV-B was reduc ed to approximately 15-20% of the ambient UV-B using plastic films. Polyest er films were used to attenuate UV-B radiation and UV-transparent films (si milar to 90% UV-B transmission) were used as control. Treatments were impos ed during the growing season beginning in 1996 and continued for three comp lete growing seasons. Stem elongation of the shrub C. diffusum was not affe cted by UV-B attenuation in any of the three seasons studied. However, fron d length of B. penna-marina under attenuated UV-B was significantly greater than that under near-ambient UV-B in all three seasons. Attenuation of sol ar UV-B also promoted the expansion of G. magellanica leaves in two of the growing seasons. Differences between treatments in leaf or frond length in B. penna-marina and G. magellanica did not exceed 12%. Another significant effect of UV-B attenuation was a promotion of insect herbivory in G. magell anica, with a 25-75% increase in the leaf area consumed. Changes in plant p henology or relative species cover were not detected within the time frame of this study. The results suggest that the increase in UV-B radiation asso ciated with the erosion of the ozone layer might be affecting the functioni ng of this ecosystem to some degree, particularly by inhibiting the growth of some plant species and by altering plant-insect interactions.