Phylogenetic and biogeographical analysis of the New Zealand Helicopsyche von Siebold (Trichoptera : Helicopsychidae)

The phylogenetic relationship between the seven known New Zealand Helicopsy chevon Siebold, 1856 species is outlined. The New Zealand Helicopsyche comp rises Helicopsyche albescens Tillyard, 1924, Helicopsyche poutini McFarlane , 1964, Helicopsyche howesi Tillyard, 1924, Helicopsyche zealandica Hudson, 1904, Helicopsyche haurapango Johanson, 1999, Helicopsyche torino Johanson , 1999, and Helicopsyche cuvieri Johanson, 1999 and the cladistic analysis revealed a single most parsimonious tree, ((albescens, (poutini, howesi)), (zealandica, (haurapango, ( torino, cuvieri)))). The basal species in the t wo species groups formed, H. zealandica and H. albescens, are widely distri buted in both North Island and South Island, while the derived species have more restricted distribution ranges and sister clades form non-overlapping distributions. New Zealand was divided into four and five separate geograp hical entities based on a) distribution patterns from the Helicopsyche and primitive Lepidoptera and b) distribution patterns from the Helicopsyche al one, respectively. To map the history of Helicopsyche in New Zealand reconc iliation using COMPONENT 2.0 and Dispersal-Vicariance analysis by DIVA 1.1 was applied in the search for a reduced area cladogram and ancestral areas, respectively. The results indicate that the southernmost part was part of the ancestral area, and that the division of the earliest ancestor has a mi nimum age of 10 million years.