Lb. Nielsen, Situating legal consciousness: Experiences and attitudes of ordinary citizens about law and street harassment, LAW SOC REV, 34(4), 2000, pp. 1055-1090
The legal consciousness of ordinary citizens concerning offensive public sp
eech is a phenomenon whose legal status has been vigorously debated, but wh
ich has received little empirical analysis. Drawing on observations in publ
ic spaces in three northern California communities and in-depth interviews
with 100 subjects recruited from these public locations, I analyze variatio
n across race and gender groups in experiences with offensive public speech
and attitudes about how such speech should be dealt with by law. Among the
se respondents, white women and people of color are far more likely than wh
ite men to report being the targets of offensive public speech. However, wh
ite women and people of color are not significantly more likely than white
men to favor its legal regulation. Respondents generally oppose the legal r
egulation of offensive public speech, but they employ different discourses
to explain why. Subjects' own words suggest four relatively distinct paradi
gms that emphasize the First Amendment, autonomy, impracticality, and distr
ust of authority. Members of different racial and gender groups tend to use
different discourses. These differences suggest that the legal consciousne
ss of ordinary citizens is not a unitary phenomenon, but must be situated i
n relation to particular types of laws, particular social hierarchies, and
the experiences of different groups with the law.