Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor-2 of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-2) in the placenta and interplacental uterine wall in normal cows and in cattle with retention of fetal membranes

Matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloprot einases (TIMPs) play a key role in tissue re-modelling in the placenta. In the present study, distribution of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 was demonstrated immunohistochemically in the bovine placenta and interplacentomal tissue. Specimens representing the whole gestation until parturition were processed . Additionally, materials from cows with and without retention of fetal mem branes were compared. MMP-2 expression was abundant in the maternal septae of the placentome in early gestation, with ongoing pregnancy immunoreactivi ty was restricted to the stromal tissue at the openings of maternal crypts. The chorionic epithelium opposite to these regions was also positive for M MP-2. MMP-9 expression was observed in the chorionic epithelium, except in the giant binucleate cells. In addition, the maternal epithelium and stroma showed immunoreactivity for MMP-9. No differences in MMP-2 and MMP-9 distr ibution could be observed between cows with proper release of fetal membran es and cows with retained fetal membranes. Giant binucleate cells expressed TIMP-2 during the whole gestation. Immunostaining for alpha -smooth muscle actin revealed contractile elements in the bovine placentome. Balance betw een proteolytic enzymes and their activators and inhibitors is essential fo r regular development of the placenta. The expression of TIMP-2 in the gian t binucleate cells indicates an essential role of inhibitory factors during gestation. It is likely that less TIMP-2 is produced at the end of pregnan cy as the number of binucleate cells is diminished. (C) 2001 Harcourt Publi shers Ltd.