Distraction osteogenesis of the craniofacial skeleton

Distraction osteogenesis is becoming the treatment of choice for the surgic al correction of hypoplasias of the craniofacial skeleton. Its principle is based on the studies of Ilizarov, who showed that osteogenesis can he indu ced if bone is expanded (distracted) along its long axis at the late of 1 m m per day. This process induces new bone formation along the vector of pull without requiring the use of a bone graft. The technique also provides the added benefit of expanding the overlying soft tissues, which are frequentl y deficient in these patients. This article reviews the authors' 11-year cl inical and research experience with mandibular distraction osteogenesis. It highlights the indications and contraindications of the technique and emph asizes the critical role that basic science research has played in its evol ution.