Interaction between adult patients' family members and nursing staff on a hospital ward

The purpose of this study was to generate knowledge of the interaction betw een an adult patient's family members and nursing staff from the staff's pe rspective. Data were collected from nursing staff (n = 155) working on the wards and o ut-patient departments for pulmonary, rheumatic, neurological and gastroent erological diseases at a university hospital by using a new questionnaire b ased on earlier research and the literature. The questions explored the sta ff's views of interaction with the adult patient's family members. In this study, interaction is seen as an umbrella concept which encompasses giving information to relatives, discussion, contacts between staff and significan t others and working together. The instrument included questions about pers onal and telephone discussions, the provision of written instructions and f actors facilitating and complicating interaction. The response rate was 55% . The data were analysed using SPSS software and examined using frequency a nd percentage distributions and cross-tabulation. The open-ended questions were analysed using qualitative content analysis by reducing, grouping and abstracting the data inductively. Discussions with relatives while they visited the patient in hospital were the commonest form of interaction. The majority of respondents perceived th e interaction with the patient and knowing his or her family members as imp ortant. Less than one-fourth of the respondents started discussion with fam ily members, while the majority expected family members to initiate interac tion. The majority of respondents perceived the patient's presence in discu ssion as important, but sometimes they thought it was necessary to discuss with family members without the patient. The staff discussed with family me mbers mainly in the ward office or in patient rooms, which were, however, n ot perceived as peaceful. Discussions primarily pertained to the patient's condition, discharge from hospital and planning of continued treatment. The majority of respondents reported that the opportunity for discussion of fered by staff, the patient's positive attitude towards discussion with the family and family members' own interest facilitated interaction. The staff 's haste and shift-work, family members' shyness of approaching the staff a nd the absence of a peaceful place for discussion serve to complicate inter action. Family members are primarily seen as informants and recipients oi informati on. The staff's ability to recognize the importance of family members to su ccessful patient care is relatively adequate. However, insufficient attenti on is paid to family members and their need for support.