K. Ramalinga et al., Bismuth(III)-catalyzed synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones : Improved protocol conditions for the Biginelli reaction, SYNLETT, (6), 2001, pp. 863-865
An efficient synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidines using bismuth chloride as
a catalyst from an aldehyde, beta -keto ester and urea in acetonitrile is d
escribed. Compared to the classical Biginelli reaction conditions, this new
method consistently has the advantage of good yields (56-97%).