To relieve strain, metal surfaces under tensile or compressive stress often
develop periodic two-dimensional patterns of dislocations. Recently, we ha
ve seen new developments in the characterization of strained layers, their
theoretical simulations: and their applications for growth of self-assemble
d cluster arrays. The atomic resolution imaging of clean and adsorbate-cove
red strained surfaces using scanning tunneling microscopy has allowed the i
dentification of reactive sites and the structural characterization of grow
ing clusters. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.