Recent applications of electron magnetic resonance (EMR) techniques in heterogeneous catalysis

EMR techniques have been extensively used in the past year to explore probl ems relevant to heterogeneous catalysis, including surface defects and radi cals, redox processes with supported transition metal ions and in situ stud ies at elevated temperatures. The combination of these techniques with comp utational methods, can now be used to provide detailed structural informati on of active sites even in polycrystalline materials. Developments in high field EMR and the utilisation of pulsed EMR methods are providing marked im provements in sensitivity and spatial resolution of paramagnetic surface st ates. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.