MRI of neurologic complications in end-stage renal failure patients on hemodialysis: pictorial review

End-stage renal disease patients who have been on longterm hemodialysis ten d to develop central nervous system complications. The most common neurolog ic complications in this patient group include white matter changes, cerebr al atrophy, osmotic demyelination syndrome, dialysis encephalopathy, hypert ensive encephalopathy, intracranial hemorrhage, infarct, sinus thrombosis, and infection. Clinical evaluation of these patients is somehow complicated and MRI is important before establishment of the therapy. The purpose of t his article is to illustrate the range of MRI findings of neurologic compli cations in end-stage renal failure patients on hemodialysis with etiologic factors.