Criminal DNA databases: the European situation

In the last 5 years, a number of European countries have successfully intro duced national databases holding the DNA profiles form suspected and convic ted criminal offenders as well as from biological stain materials from unso lved crime cases. At present, DNA databases art: fully or partially in oper ation in the UK, The Netherlands. Austria, Germany, Finland, Norway, Denmar k. Switzerland and Sweden. Furthermore, in the other European countries. sp ecific legislation will be enacted soon, or the introduction of such databa ses is bring discussed to initiate a legislative process. Numerous differen ces exist regarding the criteria for a criminal offender to be included in the database. the storage periods and the possibility to remove database re cords, the possibility to keep reference samples from thr offenders as long as their respective records are bring held, and the role of judges in the process of entering a database record or to perform a database search. Neve rtheless, harmonization has been achieved regarding the DNA information sto red in national databases, and a European standard set of genetic systems h as been recommended which is included either in part or completely in the D NA profiles of offenders and crime stains for all European databases. This facilitates the exchange of information from database records to allow the investigation af crime cases across national borders. (C) 2001 Elsevier Sci ence Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.