Using novel fluorescent polymers as sensory materials for above-ground sensing of chemical signature compounds emanating from buried landmines

Chemical vapors originating from the explosive charge within landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) form a chemical "signature" unique to these devic es. The fact that canines can detect this signature was a primary motivatio n for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA) Dog's Nose Pr ogram. One goal of this program was to develop electronic chemical sensors that mimic the canine's ability to detect landmines, The sensor described h ere, developed under this program, utilizes novel fluorescent polymers to d etect landmine signature vapors in air at ultratrace concentration levels ( parts-per-trillion or less). Thin films of the polymers are highly emissive but undergo a dramatic reduction in emission intensity when molecules of t arget analytes bind to the polymer. Binding of a single explosive molecule can quench the fluorescence from hundreds of polymer repeat units, resultin g in an amplification of the quenching response. The polymer structure cont ains receptor sites designed to interact specifically with nitroaromatic ex plosives, enhancing the selectivity of the polymers for target analytes, A man-portable sensor prototype, similar in size and configuration to metal d etectors currently used for mine detection, has demonstrated performance co mparable to that of canines during field tests monitored by DARPA at Fort L eonard Wood, MO.