Coupled canonical grid/discrete dipole approach for computing scattering from objects above or below a rough interface

A numerical model for computing scattering from a three-dimensional (3-D) d ielectric object above or below a rough interface is described. The model i s based on an iterative method of moments solution for equivalent electric and magnetic surface current densities on the rough interface and equivalen t volumetric electric currents in the penetrable object. To improve computa tional efficiency, the canonical grid method and the discrete dipole approa ch (DDA) are used to compute surface to surface and object to object point couplings, respectively, in O(N log N), where N is the number of surface or object sampling points. Two distinct iterative approaches and a preconditi oning method for the resulting matrix equation are discussed, and the solut ion is verified through comparison with a Sommerfeld integral-based solutio n in the flat surface limit. Results are illustrated for a sample landmine detection problem and show that a slight surface roughness can modify objec t backscattering returns.