Recent experimental and theoretical work at ESRF, on circular magnetic
X-ray dichroism and surface resonant X-ray scattering for the study o
f transition metal systems is briefly reviewed. The applicability and
accuracy of dichroism sum rules is critically assessed by discussing t
he extent to which real systems satisfy the necessary assumptions. Spe
cial emphasis is given to results for the L-2,L-3 edges of the 3d ferr
omagnetic metals. The recent demonstration of the feasibility and pote
ntial of X-ray scattering for the investigation of surface magnetic or
der is also discussed.