B. Wang et al., A longitudinal study of salivary sialic acid in preterm infants: Comparison of human milk-fed versus formula-fed infants, J PEDIAT, 138(6), 2001, pp. 914-916
We found that the saliva of preterm infants fed human milk contains twice t
he level of sialic acid as that in infants fed commercial formulas. The hig
her sialic acid level suggests greater viscosity and enhanced protection of
the mucosal surfaces in breast-fed infants. Human milk itself is a rich so
urce of sialylated oligosaccharides.