Deterministic filter models are considered, and a criterion for a determini
stic filter to be robust is introduced. Among the candidates for robust det
erministic filters are so-called minimax estimators. In the second part of
the paper, a risk sensitive stochastic approach to nonlinear filtering is c
onsidered, in which the traditional expected mean squared error criterion i
s replaced by an expected exponential-of-mean squared error. Minimax filter
s are obtained as totally risk averse limits of risk sensitive filters.