Impact of encoding depth on awareness of perceptual effects in recognitionmemory

Pictorial stimuli are more likely to be recognized if they are the same siz e, rather than a different size, at study and at test. This size congruency effect was replicated in two experiments in which the encoding variables w ere respectively undivided versus divided attention and level of processing . In terms of performance, these variables influenced recognition and did n ot influence size congruency effects. But in terms of awareness, measured b y remember and know responses, these variables did influence size congruenc y effects. With undivided attention and with a deep level of processing, si ze congruency effects occurred only in remembering. With divided attention and with a shallow level of processing, size congruency effects occurred on ly in knowing. The results show that effects that occur in remembering may also occur independently in knowing. They support theories in which remembe ring and knowing reflect different memory processes or systems. They do not support the theory that remembering and knowing reflect differences in tra ce strength.