Our current understanding of spatial behaviour and parietal lobe function i
s largely based on the belief that spatial neglect in humans (a lack of awa
reness of space on the side of the body contralateral to a brain injury) is
typically associated with lesions of the posterior parietal lobe. However,
in monkeys, this disorder is observed after lesions of the superior tempor
al cortex(1), a puzzling discrepancy between the species. Here we show that
, contrary to the widely accepted view, the superior temporal cortex is the
neural substrate of spatial neglect in humans, as it is in monkeys. Unlike
the monkey brain, spatial awareness in humans is a function largely confin
ed to the right superior temporal cortex, a location topographically remini
scent of that for language on the left(2). Hence, the decisive phylogenetic
transition from monkey to human brain seems to be a restriction of a forme
rly bilateral function to the right side, rather than a shift from the temp
oral to the parietal lobe. One may speculate that this lateralization of sp
atial awareness parallels the emergence of an elaborate representation for
language on the left side.