F. Ango et al., Agonist-independent activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors by the intracellular protein Homer, NATURE, 411(6840), 2001, pp. 962-965
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transduce signals from extracellular tr
ansmitters to the inside of the cell by activating G proteins. Mutation and
overexpression of these receptors have revealed that they can reach their
active state even in the absence of agonist, as a result of a natural shift
in the equilibrium between their inactive and active conformations(1). Suc
h agonist-independent (constitutive) activity has been observed for the glu
tamate GPCRs (the metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1a and mGluR5) when
they are overexpressed in heterologous cells(2). Here we show that in neur
ons, the constitutive activity of these receptors is controlled by Homer pr
oteins, which bind directly to the receptors' carboxy-terminal intracellula
r domains(3,4). Disruption of this interaction by mutagenesis or antisense
strategies, or expression of endogenous Homer1a (H1a), induces constitutive
activity in mGluR1a or mGluR5. Our results show that these glutamate GPCRs
can be directly activated by intracellular proteins as well as by agonists
.