Advanced glycation and lipoxidation end products: reactive carbonyl compounds-related uraemic toxicity

Most studies on uraemic toxins have focused on disorders of enzymatic bioch emistry. Recent studies to elucidate the pathogenesis of dialysis-related a myloidosis have provided new insights in progressive, irreversible protein modifications resulting from nonenzymatic biochemistry in uraemia. This pap er focuses on two types of irreversible alterations of proteins: advanced g lycation and lipoxidation. We investigate the causal role of various reacti ve carbonyl compounds (RCOs) accumulating in the serum, speculate on its cl inical consequences, and discuss the therapeutic perspectives.