M. Sturaro et A. Viotti, Methylation of the Opaque2 box in zein genes is parent-dependent and affects O2 DNA binding activity in vitro, PLANT MOL B, 46(5), 2001, pp. 549-560
In the maize endosperm, the expression of the subfamily 4 (SF4) of the zein
genes is under the transcriptional control of the Opaque2 (O2) basic leuci
ne zipper transcriptional activator, which binds to the O2-box 5'-TCCACGTAG
A-3'. Southern experiments showed that the O2-box core sequence ACGT is hea
vily methylated in sporophytic tissues but becomes hypomethylated in the en
dosperm. DNA analyses of two inbred lines and their reciprocal crosses indi
cate that the hypomethylation state is established on the maternal compleme
nts of the endosperm. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and south
western experiments with endosperm protein extracts and recombinant O2 usin
g oligonucleotides with methylated and unmethylated cytosines in the O2-box
indicate an inhibitory effect of modified sequences on O2-binding activity
. These results suggest that DNA methylation modulates O2 activity in vivo
and shed light on molecular mechanisms involved in the parent-dependent zei
n gene expression in maize endosperm.