Single molecule nanobioscience

In recent years, the rapid development and progress of single-molecule dete ction techniques have opened up a new era of biological research. The advan tage of single-molecule studies is that data are not obscured by the ensemb le-averaged measurements inherent in classical biochemical experiments. The se techniques are shedding light on the dynamic and mechanistic properties of molecular machines, both in vivo and in vitro. This review summarizes th e single-molecule experiments that have been designed to investigate molecu lar motors, enzyme reactions, protein dynamics, DNA transcription and cell signaling.