Molecular markers are used widely to discriminate between closely related s
pecies of parasites, and in many cases a single locus is used for this purp
ose. This article aims to show how molecular data derived from a single gen
etic marker or linkage group - in this case mitochondrial DNA - can lead to
ambiguous conclusions and to illustrate how a multilocus approach has enha
nced our understanding of the epidemiology of two closely related parasites
, the nematodes Ascaris suum, which infects pigs, and Ascaris lumbicoides,
which infects humans.