Tumor recurrence after radiofrequency thermal ablation of hepatic tumors: Spectrum of findings on dual-phase contrast-enhanced CT

OBJECTIVE, We conducted this study to determine the spectrum of CT findings of tumor recurrence after radiofrequency ablation of primary and secondary malignant hepatic tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-five patients, 10 with hepatocellular carcino ma (HCC) and 15 patients with metastases who developed tumor recurrence aft er radiofrequency ablation of hepatic neoplasms, formed the study populatio n. three observers reviewed the CT scans of these patients and evaluated th e location (local intrahepatic, remote intrahepatic, or extrahepatic) of al l recurrent lesions and the morphology and enhancement characteristics of l ocal intrahepatic recurrences. RESULTS, Local intrahepatic recurrences were seen in nine patients (90%) an d 11 patients (73%); remote intrahepatic recurrences, in five patients (50% ) and seven patients (45%); and extrahepatic recurrences, in zero and six p atients (40%) with recurrent HCC and recurrent metastases, respectively. Of the 12 nodules of local intrahepatic recurrences in HCC and the 24 in meta stases, the patterns of local intrahepatic recurrences were of nodular, hal o, and gross enlargement types in eight (67%) and nine (38%), four (33%) an d six (38%), and zero and nine (37%) nodules in HCC and hepatic metastases, respectively, The number of local intrahepatic recurrent lesions enhancing in the arterial phase was significantly greater in HCC. CONCLUSION. Tumor recurrences occurred at intra- and extrahepatic sites aft er radiofrequency ablation of hepatic neoplasms. The local intrahepatic rec urrences appeared in three patterns: nodular, halo, or gross enlargement. T he sites of recurrence and the morphologic patterns of local intrahepatic t umor recurrence differed between primary and secondary hepatic neoplasms.