In general the cerebellum is crucial for the control but not the initiation
of movement. Voluntary eye movements are particularly useful for investiga
ting the specific mechanisms underlying cerebellar control because they are
precise and their brain-stem circuitry is already well understood. Here we
describe single unit and inactivation data showing that the posterior verm
is and the caudal fastigial nucleus, to which it projects, provide a. signa
l during horizontal saccades to make them fast, accurate, and consistent. T
he caudal fastigial nucleus also is necessary for the recovery of saccadic
accuracy after actual or simulated neural or muscular damage causes horizon
tal saccades to be dysmetric. Saccade-related activity in the interpositus
nucleus is related to vertical saccades. Both the caudal fastigial nucleus
and the flocculus/paraflocculus are necessary for the normal smooth eye mov
ements that pursue a small moving spot. By using eye movements, we have beg
un to uncover basic principles that give us insight into how the cerebellum
may control movement in general.